Adapangidwa ndi dokotala waku France Gaston Plantému 1859, asidi wotsogolera anali batire yoyamba yowonjezeredwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pamalonda. Ngakhale kuti ndi ukalamba, chemistry yotsogolera ikugwiritsidwabe ntchito masiku ano. Pali zifukwa zomveka za kutchuka kwake; lead asidi ndi yodalirika komanso yotsika mtengo pamtengo wa pa-watt. Pali mabatire ena ochepa omwe amapereka mphamvu zambiri zotsika mtengo ngati lead acid, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti batire ikhale yotsika mtengo pamagalimoto, magalimoto a gofu, ma forklift, magetsi apamadzi komanso osasokoneza (UPS).
Mapangidwe a gridi ya batri yotsogolera ya asidi amapangidwa kuchokera ku alloy lead. Mtovu weniweni ndi wofewa kwambiri ndipo sungathe kudzithandizira wokha, kotero kuti zitsulo zina zazing'ono zimawonjezeredwa kuti zipeze mphamvu zamakina ndikuwongolera mphamvu zamagetsi. Zowonjezera zambiri ndi antimoni, calcium, tini ndi selenium. Mabatirewa nthawi zambiri amadziwika kuti "lead-antimony" ndi "lead calcium."
Kuonjezera antimony ndi malata kumathandizira kuyendetsa njinga mozama koma izi zimawonjezera kumwa madzi ndikuwonjezera kufunikira kuterokufanana. Calcium imachepetsa kudziletsa, koma mbale yabwino ya calcium imakhala ndi zotsatira zokulirapo chifukwa cha okosijeni wa gridi ikamanyamulidwa mopitilira muyeso. Mabatire amakono a asidi otsogolera amagwiritsanso ntchito mankhwala opangira mankhwala monga selenium, cadmium, tini ndi arsenic kuti achepetse antimoni ndi calcium.
Asidi wotsogolera ndi wolemera ndipo ndi wocheperapo kusiyana ndi nickel- ndi lithiamu-based systems pamene akuyendetsa njinga mozama. Kutulutsa kwathunthu kumayambitsa kupsyinjika ndipo kuzungulira kulikonse / kutulutsa kumalanda batire mphamvu pang'ono. Kutayika kumeneku kumakhala kochepa pamene batire ikugwira ntchito bwino, koma kuzimiririka kumawonjezeka pamene ntchitoyo itsika mpaka theka la mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Makhalidwe owonongekawa amagwira ntchito pamabatire onse mumitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Kutengera kuzama kwa kukhetsa, asidi wotsogolera pakugwiritsa ntchito mozungulira mozama amapereka 200 mpaka 300 kutulutsa / kutulutsa. Zifukwa zazikulu za moyo wake waufupi wozungulira ndi dzimbiri la grid pa electrode yabwino, kuchepa kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito komanso kukula kwa mbale zabwino. Chodabwitsa ichi chokalamba chimachulukitsidwa ndi kutentha kwapamwamba kogwira ntchito komanso pokoka mafunde otuluka kwambiri.
Kulipiritsa batire ya asidi wotsogolera ndikosavuta, koma malire oyenera amagetsi ayenera kuwonedwa. Kusankha malire amagetsi otsika kumatchinga batire, koma izi zimatulutsa kusagwira bwino ntchito ndikupangitsa kuti sulfite ikhale pa mbale yoyipa. Kuchepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi kumapangitsa kuti ntchito ziziyenda bwino koma zimapanga dzimbiri pagulu labwino. Ngakhale kuti sulfation imatha kusinthidwa ngati itagwiritsidwa ntchito munthawi yake, dzimbiri ndi zamuyaya.
Asidi wamtovu sadzikongoletsa kuti azilipiritsa mwachangu ndipo mitundu yambiri, kulipira kwathunthu kumatenga maola 14-16. Batire iyenera kusungidwa nthawi zonse pakutha. Kutsika pang'ono kumayambitsa sulfation, zomwe zimalepheretsa batire kugwira ntchito. Kuonjezera kaboni pa electrode yolakwika kumachepetsa vutoli koma izi zimachepetsa mphamvu yeniyeni.
Asidi wa lead amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali ya moyo, koma samakumbukiridwa monga momwe makina opangira faifi amachitira, ndipo kusungidwa kwa charger kumakhala bwino kwambiri pakati pa mabatire omwe amatha kuchangidwanso. Ngakhale kuti NiCd imataya pafupifupi 40 peresenti ya mphamvu zawo zosungidwa m'miyezi itatu, asidi wotsogolera amadzitulutsa yekha ndalama zomwezo m'chaka chimodzi. Batire ya asidi yotsogolera imagwira ntchito bwino pakazizira ndipo imakhala yabwino kuposa lithiamu-ion ikamagwira ntchito mu subzero. Malinga ndi RWTH, Aachen, Germany (2018), mtengo wa asidi otsogolera osefukira ndi pafupifupi $150 pa kWh, imodzi mwa mabatire otsika kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-13-2021